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Multi-offset phase analysis of surface wave data (MOPA) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Inaccuracy in the shear wave velocity profile inverted from surface wave data manifests from both modelling error and data uncertainty. An alternative method for dispersion curve evaluation by weighted linear regression of phase-offset data can be applied to both equispaced and non-equispaced data for objective identification of these often overlooked error sources.From field data, near-field effects are noted to at most half a wavelength and lateral discontinuities identified by marked changes in wavenumber with offset. Transition frequencies to dominant higher modes appear lower than when identified from standard plane-wave transform methods. Effects can be discriminated by their frequency, position or offset dependence.When a non-corrupt dispersion curve is extracted, the errors are up to 5% at low frequency. Through theoretical Gaussian error propagation analysis, the resulting shear wave velocity profile shows up to 18% uncertainty at depth. 相似文献
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Oliver Montenbruck Christoph Günther Sebastian Graf Miquel Garcia-Fernandez Johann Furthner Hanspeter Kuhlen 《GPS Solutions》2006,10(2):146-153
In late December 2005 the GIOVE-A test satellite was launched by the European Space Agency (ESA) to secure the frequencies for the Galileo system and to provide a platform for testing the new navigation signals. We performed an initial assessment of these signals using the 30 m deep space antenna of the DLR ground station in Weilheim (Germany). The antenna gain raised the signals above the noise level, thus allowing a detailed analysis even without knowledge of the ranging codes. The present paper covers the analysis of the L1/E1 signals, which includes a discussion of the spectrum, the time domain signal and a decoding of the spreading codes for the Open Service. 相似文献
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甘肃春末夏初飞机人工增雨天气系统分型 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用甘肃省1991~2002年飞机人工增雨作业资料,对春末夏初飞机人工增雨作业状况进行了统计分析;按照甘肃省的天气系统特征,利用探空资料,根据自动化“判别模型”的判别,得出甘肃降水的高空环流可分为三种类型:平直多波动型、西南气流型和西北气流型,其中降水类型以平直多波动型为多见。通过“判别模型”对飞机人工增雨天气系统的分型,结果表明,飞机人工增雨作业的主要天气类型首先为平直多波动型,其次为西南气流型。 相似文献
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Sandro Fadda 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2005,29(1):143-156
Major concentrations of Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, CaO, Na2O and K2O, minor levels of TiO2, P2O5 and thirty petrologically, geochemically and environmentally significant trace elements have been determined in microwave oven acid leachates of whole powdered coal samples by direct current plasma‐atomic emission spectrometry (DCP‐AES). A single sample preparation procedure was suitable for all the determinations with no additional dilution step for major elements solution. Dried samples (0.5 g) were treated in low‐pressure PFA digestion vessels with HF/HCl/HNO3/HClO4 acids to quantitatively extract the analytes from the bulk material, while leaving the major part of organic matrix as a residue. The major constituents of geological samples, in particular the easily ionised elements (EIEs) such as alkali and alkaline earths, may complicate the instrumental determinations in DCP‐AES because of differential enhancements of elemental emission intensities and stray light interferences. Taking account of these factors, the coal matrix is considered to have very low major oxide totals as compared to many other common geo‐environmental and related materials (rocks, sediments, soil, ashes etc.). The sample size employed here, while yielding a relatively concentrated solution to cover a wide range of elemental determinations, provided a sample matrix that significantly diminished interferences for DCP measurements. The need for closely matching the unknowns and calibrators was eliminated except for overall acidity and an excess quantity of caesium for EIE buffering. Calibration of the spectrometer was accomplished by simple aqueous single element solutions as high concentration calibrators in addition to a reagent blank as a low concentration calibrator. Two point working curves were established to allow for the maximum concentrations of each element expected in the unknowns. The precision of determinations under routine conditions as well as the reproducibility of the leaching and precision of instrumental measurements have been evaluated. Relative standard deviations (RSD) were of 1–2% for those elements whose concentrations in solid samples were well above the limits of quantification. Method detection limits in the buffered solutions were also evaluated. To evaluate the accuracy of the microwave oven‐DCP method a suite of eight certified coal reference materials of differing rank, were analysed with good agreement with the certified and/or available published data. Results are presented for the uncertified major oxides in the AR series reference materials. 相似文献
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2002年7月沈阳一次降水过程的催化数值模拟研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
应用三维对流云模式和探空资料,对沈阳地区2002年7月12日发生的一次东北冷涡降水过程进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明,这次降水主要是由积层混合云引起的,其中冰相过程占主导地位,霰的融化是最主要的雨生成项。催化模拟试验表明,当云体处于成熟稳定的积层混合云阶段,在0℃层高度以上播撒AgI能起到显著的增雨效果。积层混合云具有巨大的人工增雨潜力。 相似文献